Linear motion can be achieved by using different types of drive systems. Depending on the requirements of the application different drive systems can be beneficial for your machine. Belt drive, rack & pinion, ball screw, and linear motors are often considered four common linear drive systems.

Belt drive

The belt drive is a simple and easy mechanical system that can reach a high velocity and is not expensive. However, besides the stretching of the belt, it often causes a less precise system. The system requires maintenance because the belt wears down over time and has limited accuracy.

Rack & pinion

Rack and pinion drives are known for the ability to move large masses at high-velocity levels. Because of the use of metal gears, they require lubrication which means regular maintenance is needed. The backlash effect is often found in all rack and pinion systems, causing lower accuracy in your application.

Ball screw

This is a traditional system that translates rotational motion into linear motion. Ball screw-driven applications are known for having high efficiency and decent accuracy, but their low acceleration limits the dynamic possibilities.

Linear motors

Linear motors are synchronous motors, that have a very high force density, resulting in high acceleration and therefore extremely dynamic movements. The direct drive technology of linear motors eliminates the need for mechanical transmissions and requires no maintenance.

Conclusion 

When comparing these four types of systems, we examined important parameters such as acceleration, accuracy, modularity, initial cost, and total cost of ownership. Linear motors can achieve the highest acceleration among the other systems. Typically, linear motors and ball screws exhibit the best accuracy, but they come with higher initial costs. In addition, the total cost of ownership might be the most interesting factor to consider where ball screws and linear motors become interesting. Overall, linear motors are the best choice if you are pursuing both acceleration and accuracy in one single system, which is hard to find in other systems.